模型正演在塔东碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用

塔东古城地区碳酸盐岩储层具有物性差、纵横向非均质性强的特点,识别白云岩是提高勘探成功率的关键。首先,根据钻井资料建立了白云岩储层的地质模型,并通过模型正演分析了地震波动力学属性参数的响应特征;然后,基于储层标定和正演模拟分析建立了白云岩储层的地球物理识别模式,为储层识别、预测提供了依据。通过"甜心体"预测了白云岩储层发育带,建立的基于地震正演模型识别白云岩储层的方法行之有效。     

炼制中东原油对设备的腐蚀与防护对策

长岭炼化公司因掺炼国外高含硫原油,常减压、催化裂化、焦化等装置的工艺设备和管道遭受到较严重腐蚀。采取的工艺防腐措施有“一脱三注”、原油混炼、渣油加氢脱硫;同时选用抗腐蚀能力更强的材料,如双相钢、钛合金、FN－2、B－315、316L和Inconel625等,并加强设备的腐蚀监测,取得了较满意的效果。     

�������ɹ�����̲����⾮ʶ��

应用测井资料识别川东飞仙关组鲕滩储层是个新课题。文章从鲕滩层的测蝇响应特征出发,在提取岩性特征测进数和建立电相－岩相库统计模式的基础上,采用极值方 聚类法实现自动分层,以灰色关联法识别单井剖面的鲕滩相地层;同时,结合储层物性参数解释建立了鲕滩储层测井识别模式,编制了鲕滩储层蝇识别处理程序。应用表明,雇人有较高的分辨力,能识别出单井剖面中０．５m以上的鲕滩滩储层,提高了鲕滩储层的纵横向预测精度。     

南京东路消费者的入口消费行为研究

以上海南京东路消费者为研究对象,分析了消费者入口消费行为的特征,并使用多项分对数模型建构了入口阶段的消费者行为模型,模型取得了较好的拟合优度,显示了随机效用理论在描述消费者入口消费行为中的适用性,同时通过考察模型系数,探讨了商业空间要素影响入口消费行为的方向、程度以及不同属性消费的行为差异。     

Design for the Future: Educational Institutions in the Gulf

Despite a distinguished heritage of learning in the Middle East, the expansion of provision for higher education is currently at an unprecedented scale. The Gulf States, in particular, are seeking to keep up with accelerated population growth and a demographic ‘youth bulge’. Guest-Editor Kevin Mitchell describes the architectural approaches employed in the design of institutions in the region from the first universities in Saudi Arabia to Foster + Partners's ground-breaking sustainable design for the Masdar Institute in Abu Dhabi and future projects.     

Global Village Media: Coming Together in the Early 1970s at Whiz Bang Quick City

Felicity D Scott , Associate Professor of Architecture at Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP), describes here the instant city events of the early 1970s. These foreshadowed current global village media practices in what now seems a quaintly material manner: communication between sites involved the physical mailing of videotapes and ‘wire photos’ through the postal service. The sites themselves – in the US and elsewhere – were transformed into ‘instant cities’ through the erection of physical geodesic domes, teepees and inflatables in seas of mud. The true antecedents of today's instant networking, these pioneers embraced the newest technology available at the time and the most innovative forms of temporary architecture.     

Security concerns in the Middle East for oil supply: Problems and solutions

Comprising 65–70% of the world's oil reserves, the Gulf States (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE and Qatar) are key countries for the solutions to the energy supply matters of the world. Free flow of oil to the world markets from Gulf region is an indispensable part of the major security issues. The Middle East has had mainly security related problems such as Arab–Israeli wars and conflicts, Arab–Iranian war and conflicts, Arab–Arab war and conflicts, US–Gulf wars and conflicts and more recently radicalism and terrorist attacks. Energy supply security requires the enhancement of the peace and cooperation between countries instead of competition. Preventive policy approaches are more suitable to address energy supply matters. Preventive strategy might be possible with the active participation of NATO within the “out of area” type operations to the Middle East and quite possibly indirectly to the Asia-Pacific regions. Religious and ethnic radicalism and terrorist attacks has also direct effects over oil supply security matters.     

中东地区碳酸盐岩油藏分类评价方法与注水开发对策

针对中东地区碳酸盐岩油藏类型复杂多样、缺乏分类开发模式指导的问题,提出基于主成分双标图和K-均值聚类图的油藏分类评价方法。采用定性分析与多元统计分析相结合,从16个典型碳酸盐岩油藏中选取能够反映岩石学、储集层结构、储集层物性、隔夹层、流体性质及非均质性的8个油藏特征参数并构造数据矩阵,然后应用奇异值分解协方差矩阵实现主成分分析,进而构造主成分双标图,对油藏、油藏特征参数及两者关系进行图解分析,最后结合K-均值聚类法开展油藏分类评价。研究结果表明：微观孔隙结构、储集层厚度和非均质性等关键参数对油藏的区分能力较强,据此将中东地区碳酸盐岩油藏划分为3种类型。薄层碳酸盐岩油藏内部贼层不规则分布导致水平井水淹严重,厚层层状碳酸盐岩油藏纵向物性差异大影响储量动用程度,巨厚似块状碳酸盐岩油藏微观孔隙体系复杂且隔夹层发育"隐蔽"、强非均质性加剧了1套层系笼统开发的矛盾。基于此,有针对性地制定了薄层油藏水平井井网低注高采、厚层层状油藏边缘递进和巨厚似块状油藏利用隐蔽隔夹层分层系注水的开发对策,为中东地区碳酸盐岩油藏高效注水开发实现上产稳产提供一定技术支持。     

东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷渐新统花港组年代标尺及层序界面定量识别

西湖凹陷是东海陆架盆地中重要的含油气凹陷,近期勘探证实渐新统花港组是当前主力产气层段;截至目前,西湖凹陷花港组层序地层划分方案还存在较大争议,严重制约了砂体等时对比及油气精细勘探进程。依据层序地层学结合天文旋回理论,利用小波变换和INPEFA技术对自然伽马曲线进行数学分析得到小波信号曲线、频谱及INPEFA曲线,建立了西湖凹陷花港组年代标尺及高精度层序界面格架。通过小波变换将GR曲线重构成不同阶次的小波信号曲线和频谱,以异常振动和能量团变化趋势凸显层序界面和旋回信息;同时,利用最大熵谱分析技术对GR曲线进行积分处理获得INPEFA曲线,以拐点和正负趋势定量拾取层序界面和旋回特征,将花港组划分为5套三级层序（自下而上分别命名为SQ₁—SQ₅）。利用频谱分析明确三级层序内部地层叠置旋回,结合小波信号曲线变化特征,可将花港组划分为12套四级层序（自下而上分别命名为H₁₂—H₁）。花港组GR曲线的多窗口频谱分析结果表明,5套三级层序发育持续时间介于1 ~ 3 Myr。通过多尺度多方法融合测井技术对缺少岩心和古生物化石区构建多级次等时层序地层格架具有一定推广意义,为渐新统花港组后期勘探开发提供一定的技术支持。     

Characterizing nutrient dynamics with relation to changes in partial pressure of CO2 in a tropical sewage‐fed aquaculture pond situated in a Ramsar wetland

The changes in nutrient dynamics (nitrate, ammonium, silicate, phosphate and iron concentration) vis‐à‐vis partial pressure of CO₂ in water [pCO₂(water)] from tropical sewage‐fed aquaculture ponds (East Kolkota Wetlands, India) were analysed by means of a microcosm. A significant relationship between these nutrient’s removal from the system and reduction in pCO₂(water) was observed (with few exceptions). These water bodies acted as significant sources of CO₂ in pre‐monsoon and monsoon seasons despite having substantial quantity of chlorophyll‐a to make it a net autotrophic system. The study revealed that if conditions favourable for optimum photosynthesis can be maintained in these ponds, the CO₂ source character of these ponds can be reversed. In the post‐monsoon season, when the pH of the water column was high, the system acted as sink for CO₂ which suggests the use of lime to prevent these systems from becoming hypereutrophic and carbon source at the same time.